OETIO: Dismantle and Removal of Terex Peiner SN 86

Members were hard at work today dismantling the Terex Peiner SN 86 luffing tower crane at OETIO’s Oakville campus in order to make room for a new Liebherr 190 HC-L 8/16 Litronic luffing tower crane. The Terex Peiner SN 86 luffing tower crane is being shipped and erected at OETIO’s Morrisburg campus. When both cranes are erected, OETIO will have increased training capacity for tower crane training. Members Sylvain Chartrand, Stephen Cumberbatch, Dario Diaz, Daniel Gabrielli, Nicholas Gabrielli, Corey Jensen, Andy McFadden, Brett Nicholson and Roderick Sullivan were all on […]

Members were hard at work today dismantling the Terex Peiner SN 86 luffing tower crane at OETIO’s Oakville campus in order to make room for a new Liebherr 190 HC-L 8/16 Litronic luffing tower crane. The Terex Peiner SN 86 luffing tower crane is being shipped and erected at OETIO’s Morrisburg campus. When both cranes are erected, OETIO will have increased training capacity for tower crane training. Members Sylvain Chartrand, Stephen Cumberbatch, Dario Diaz, Daniel Gabrielli, Nicholas Gabrielli, Corey Jensen, Andy McFadden, Brett Nicholson and Roderick Sullivan were all on site and helped with the dismantling of the tower crane.

Local 793 Relief Grant Extended until December 31, 2020

In March, the Benefit Plan Trustees established the Local 793 Emergency Relief Grant to assist eligible plan members and their families in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. The Local 793 Emergency Relief Grant will now be extended for the months of October to December 31, 2020 for those members who are newly affected or continue to be affected in the months of October to December 31, 2020, with the extension of $250 per week top-up for those that meet the existing criteria. The extended Emergency Relief Grant will now expire […]

In March, the Benefit Plan Trustees established the Local 793 Emergency Relief Grant to assist eligible plan members and their families in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Local 793 Emergency Relief Grant will now be extended for the months of October to December 31, 2020 for those members who are newly affected or continue to be affected in the months of October to December 31, 2020, with the extension of $250 per week top-up for those that meet the existing criteria.

The extended Emergency Relief Grant will now expire on December 31, 2020. Additionally, the previously passed COVID-19 Life and Health Benefit Freezing is scheduled to expire September 30, 2020. Extension of “Benefit Freezing” will continue for only those members who will fall out of benefits in the months of October to December 2020 as a result of NIL (zero) contributions coming from their respective employers.

Happy Labour Day from Local 793

Local 793’s officers, executive board and staff wish you and your families a Happy Labour Day. Labour Day is a special holiday for all unions including Local 793. Labour Day honours the struggles that workers have endured in order to repeal anti-union laws and support workers’ right to unionize. These successful efforts have led to workers gaining more rights such as: fair wages, improved terms and conditions of employment and better workplace safety rules. As we are unable to celebrate and march in the Labour Day parades together due to […]

Local 793’s officers, executive board and staff wish you and your families a Happy Labour Day.

Labour Day is a special holiday for all unions including Local 793. Labour Day honours the struggles that workers have endured in order to repeal anti-union laws and support workers’ right to unionize. These successful efforts have led to workers gaining more rights such as: fair wages, improved terms and conditions of employment and better workplace safety rules.

As we are unable to celebrate and march in the Labour Day parades together due to COVID-19, we encourage you to celebrate with your loved ones and friends in a safe manner. As union members, we know well the importance of unity and how it gives us strength to overcome all obstacles including the challenges caused by COVID-19.

HAPPY LABOUR DAY!

OETIO to Resume Training at Oakville and Morrisburg Campuses

August 4, 2020 To all IUOE Local 793 members: After careful consideration and having implemented additional COVID-19 safety protocols, we have made the decision to re-open the OETIO campuses in Oakville and Morrisburg. The Oakville campus will resume training on Monday, August 10, 2020 and the Morrisburg campus will follow on Monday, September 14, 2020. OETIO will use a staged approach and will only increase the student training numbers if there is confidence that it can be done in a way that guarantees the health and safety of students and […]

August 4, 2020

To all IUOE Local 793 members:

After careful consideration and having implemented additional COVID-19 safety protocols, we have made the decision to re-open the OETIO campuses in Oakville and Morrisburg.

The Oakville campus will resume training on Monday, August 10, 2020 and the Morrisburg campus will follow on Monday, September 14, 2020.

OETIO will use a staged approach and will only increase the student training numbers if there is confidence that it can be done in a way that guarantees the health and safety of students and staff.

The provincial government’s move to Stage 3 as part of Ontario’s reopening plan was taken into account in deciding to resume training at OETIO.

Separate return-to-training protocols have been developed for each campus and classes will open with strict guidelines designed to protect the health and safety of both students and staff:

Oakville Campus Protocols:

  • Students will follow strict COVID-19 safety protocol measures for entering and exiting the facility
  • Personal protective equipment (PPE), such as face masks, gloves and hand sanitizer will be provided, and use will be mandatory
  • Physical distancing will be mandatory
  • Class sizes will be reduced so that there are no large gatherings
  • Theoretical classes will be held in the O.E. Banquet Hall, an area that has ample space for physical distancing
  • Portable washrooms with running water and hand soap have been placed in the training yard to limit entry into the main building

Morrisburg Campus Protocols:

  • Students will be placed into social groups (bubbles) of six and will remain in their designated group for the duration of their training
  • Within the bubble, PPE and physical distancing will remain mandatory
  • Each bubble will be separate, and students will not interact with students in other bubbles
  • Staggered training start times will allow each bubble to exit the residence and head to training without interacting with other students

Both campuses will be monitored closely, and training may be suspended should a situation put the health and safety of students, staff or the public at risk.

An OETIO emergency response team has been established and has protocols in place to deal with a COVID-19 emergency.

Ensuring the health and wellbeing of the membership, students and staff continues to be Local 793 and OETIO’s number one priority.

Fraternally yours,

Mike Gallagher
Business Manager, IUOE Local 793

Joe Dowdall
Executive Director, OETIO

IUOE Local 793 SUB Plan – Another Major Victory For Members!

Signed, sealed and delivered! Business Manager Mike Gallagher signed off on the last of the Supplemental Unemployment Benefit (SUB) Plan Letters of Understanding for all of our contractor associations today. The National Capital Road Builders Association has finally signed. Now all of our 15 contractor associations and another 125 contractors have signed off on the SUB Plan Letters of Understanding. Local 793 is also pleased to announce that the SUB plan has been approved by Service Canada and by Canada Revenue Agency (CRA). Expected to be available in the fall, […]

Signed, sealed and delivered!

Business Manager Mike Gallagher signed off on the last of the Supplemental Unemployment Benefit (SUB) Plan Letters of Understanding for all of our contractor associations today. The National Capital Road Builders Association has finally signed. Now all of our 15 contractor associations and another 125 contractors have signed off on the SUB Plan Letters of Understanding.

Local 793 is also pleased to announce that the SUB plan has been approved by Service Canada and by Canada Revenue Agency (CRA). Expected to be available in the fall, the SUB plan will provide additional financial assistance to unemployed members for years to come.

Business Manager Mike Gallagher signs off on the last of the Supplemental Unemployment Benefit (SUB) Plan Letters of Understanding.

A Framework for Reopening our Province: Stage 3

SOURCE: mof-framework-reopening-province-stage-3-en-2020-07-13 Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Ontario has taken coordinated, swift and decisive action to protect and support the health and well-being of people across the province. By working together and following the advice of public health officials, Ontario has made steady progress in the fight against this deadly virus and is on the path to recovery. The government is continuing its gradual, staged approach to reopening Ontario, restarting the economy and easing the necessary restrictions that were put in place to contain the spread of the […]

SOURCE: mof-framework-reopening-province-stage-3-en-2020-07-13

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Ontario has taken coordinated, swift and decisive action to protect and support the health and well-being of people across the province. By working together and following the advice of public health officials, Ontario has made steady progress in the fight against this deadly virus and is on the path to recovery.

The government is continuing its gradual, staged approach to reopening Ontario, restarting the economy and easing the necessary restrictions that were put in place to contain the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak, as outlined in A Framework for Reopening our Province. Guided by public health advice, robust testing and case and contact tracing, and lessons learned through the previous two stages, Ontario is confident and ready to gradually begin entering Stage 3. Building on the regional approach introduced in Stage 2, communities will move into Stage 3 when it is safe to do so, based on trends of key public health indicators.

Nearly all businesses and public spaces will be able to gradually reopen in Stage 3, with public health and workplace safety restrictions in place, while some high-risk venues and activities will remain closed until they can safely resume operations. Based on the advice of the Chief Medical Officer of Health and other health experts, indoor and outdoor gathering limits will also be increased. Physical distancing remains a requirement for all people who are not from the same household or social circle.

In keeping with the gradual approach to reopening the province, Ontario will continue to monitor key public health indicators and some Stage 3 restrictions will be further eased over time when it is safe to do so.

Together, Ontario has made tremendous progress in the ongoing fight against COVID-19, thanks to the sacrifice and hard work of frontline heroes and volunteers, and the personal responsibility shown by the people of the province. Stage 3 does not mean that the fight against this deadly virus is over — far from it. Everyone must continue to be vigilant and follow public health advice and workplace safety guidelines. This will help limit outbreaks and reduce the risk of undoing the significant progress we have made together over the past several months.

The government’s priority is, and will continue to be, protecting people’s health and well-being while planning for recovery and growth. That is why it is essential that everyone continues to act responsibly and respectfully towards their fellow citizens by following the advice of public health officials.

As the province moves toward recovery, the government will continue to count on the dedication, innovation and spirit of the people of Ontario. Through everyday actions like buying made-in-Ontario products or safely shopping at local small businesses, together we will make Stage 3 a success and get Ontario’s economy growing again.

What Stage 3 Means for You

Stage 3 is another significant step towards fully restarting our economy. In Stage 2, over 90 per cent of economic activity was enabled to resume, which resulted in employment increasing by 377,900 net new jobs in June, including 66,200 jobs in the manufacturing sector.

In Stage 3, more restrictions will be loosened and nearly all businesses and public spaces will reopen, as long as they follow the public health advice and workplace safety guidance necessary to keep everyone safe.

The Chief Medical Officer of Health, public health experts and other officials have advised the following high-risk places and activities are not yet safe to open, due to the likelihood of large crowds congregating, difficulties with physical distancing, or challenges maintaining the proper cleaning and sanitation required to prevent the spread of COVID-19:

  • Amusement parks and water parks
  • Buffet-style food services
  • Dancing at restaurants and bars, other than by performers hired by the establishment following specific requirements
  • Overnight stays at camps for children
  • Private karaoke rooms
  • Prolonged or deliberate contact while playing sports
  • Saunas, steam rooms, bath houses and oxygen bars
  • Table games at casinos and gaming establishments.

All other businesses and public spaces will be permitted to be open, subject to ensuring the appropriate health and safety measures are in place, as well as limits on gathering sizes. More information on restrictions and gathering limits in Stage 3 is available below.

As more businesses and activities reopen, the Chief Medical Officer of Health and public health experts will continue to closely monitor the evolving situation to advise when more regions can enter Stage 3, if public health restrictions can be further loosened, or if they need to be tightened or reapplied.

Protecting our most vulnerable citizens must continue to be the top priority as Ontario enters Stage 3, and everyone will be responsible for taking the actions necessary to help contain the spread of COVID-19.

A Regional Approach

Building on the successful approach taken in Stage 2, each region of Ontario will be permitted to enter Stage 3 when it is safe to do so. The government’s decision will be made in consultation with the Chief Medical Officer of Health and local public health officials, and based on established criteria, including virus spread and containment, health system capacity, public health system capacity and incidence-tracking capacity.

On Friday, July 17 at 12:01 a.m., the following public health unit regions will enter Stage 3:

  • Algoma Public Health
  • Brant County Health Unit
  • Chatham-Kent Public Health
  • Eastern Ontario Health Unit
  • Grey Bruce Health Unit
  • Haliburton, Kawartha, Pine Ridge District Health Unit
  • Hastings Prince Edward Public Health
  • Huron Perth Public Health
  • Kingston, Frontenac and Lennox & Addington Public Health
  • Leeds Grenville & Lanark District Health Unit
  • Middlesex-London Health Unit
  • North Bay Parry Sound District Health Unit
  • Northwestern Health Unit
  • Ottawa Public Health
  • Peterborough Public Health
  • Porcupine Health Unit
  • Public Health Sudbury & Districts
  • Region of Waterloo Public Health and Emergency Services
  • Renfrew County and District Health Unit
  • Simcoe-Muskoka District Health Unit
  • Southwestern Public Health
  • Thunder Bay District Health Unit
  • Timiskaming Health Unit
  • Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health

The following regions will remain in Stage 2, as additional time is required to assess and monitor any impacts and readiness to move into Stage 3:

  • Durham Region Health Department
  • Haldimand-Norfolk Health Unit
  • Halton Region Public Health
  • Hamilton Public Health Services
  • Lambton Public Health
  • Niagara Region Public Health
  • Peel Public Health
  • Toronto Public Health
  • Windsor-Essex County Health Unit
  • York Region Public Health

The government will provide regular updates on the ongoing assessment of all regions, and whether a specific region or community is ready to move into Stage 3. Up-to-date information about the Stage 3 status of each region will be available here.

Working Together to Reopen

Collaboration and innovation will continue to be essential for Ontario’s successful economic recovery. The government will work with businesses and sectors that are either not able to reopen in Stage 3, or who are experiencing significant challenges opening with restrictions, to explore how these organizations could safely resume operations as Ontario gradually reopens, while implementing public health and workplace safety measures.

Those that are unable to open or are facing difficulties in operating under the Stage 3 restrictions may visit Ontario.ca/reopen to submit a reopening proposal. The proposal should include details on measures businesses and services will implement to keep patrons and workers safe. Businesses and sectors are also encouraged to use the government’s guide to developing a workplace safety plan and the Ministry of Health’s Guidance Document for Essential Workplaces. Government officials will work collaboratively with sectors that are developing plans to safely reopen, where feasible.

As Ontario works towards recovery, acting responsibly and respectfully towards each other will help keep family, friends, colleagues and neighbours safe.

Everyone can make Stage 3 a success by:

  • Maintaining physical distancing of at least two metres from people outside of your household or social circle
  • Wearing a face covering in indoor and outdoor public spaces where physical distancing is a challenge
  • Washing your hands frequently with soap and water
  • Using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer if soap and water are not available
  • Practising good hygiene (covering a cough and sneeze and avoiding touching your face)
  • Cleaning frequently touched surfaces more often
  • Limiting indoor gatherings to a maximum of 50 people, or less, to maintain physical distancing
  • Limiting outdoor gatherings to a maximum of 100 people, or less. to maintain physical distancing
  • Staying at home and away from others if you are feeling ill or have symptoms of COVID-19
  • Downloading the COVID Alert app, when launched, to be notified if you have been in contact with anyone with COVID-19
  • Working from home or remotely as much as possible
  • Minimizing travel and self-isolating for 14 days after all international travel
  • Protecting the most vulnerable by following public health advice
  • Getting tested if you are worried you have or have been in contact with someone who has COVID-19

Based on community needs, some municipalities and local medical officers of health have exercised their authority for more restrictions or requirements, such as mandatory face coverings in commercial establishments or all indoor public spaces. Be sure to check your local public health unit’s or municipality’s website.

Workplaces and businesses can help make Stage 3 a success by developing a COVID-19 safety plan that includes:

  • Enabling physical distancing by redesigning spaces/interactions and implementing flow management
  • Cleaning and disinfecting equipment and high-touch surfaces as frequently as is necessary to maintain a sanitary environment
  • Consider recording each patron’s name and contact information to support effective contact tracing that helps keep everyone safe
  • Consider requiring all customers to book an appointment in advance, wherever possible, for the purposes of physical distancing, flow management and contract tracing
  • Assigning seating or spaces where possible to ensure physical distancing
  • Following sector-specific workplace safety guidance and tips available at ca/COVIDsafety

Keeping Workplaces Safe

To help people, businesses and communities prepare for Stage 3, the government, in partnership with Ontario’s health and safety associations, has released more than 170 health and safety guidance resources covering a wide range of workplaces.

Throughout Stage 1 and Stage 2, these resources have supported businesses and organizations in the development of their own workplace policies and safety plans to protect their employees and customers.

As restrictions are eased and the province safely and gradually reopens, businesses are strongly encouraged to continue to allow people to work remotely wherever possible to contain the spread of COVID-19. Businesses are also encouraged to review and update their COVID-19 safety plan.

By taking this responsible approach to reopening, Ontario is continuing down its path to recovery, eventually returning to a position of strength as the economic engine of Canada.

New Gathering Limits

Based on the advice of the Chief Medical Officer of Health and public health experts, gathering limits for regions in Stage 3 will increase. The gathering limit of 10 people indoors or outdoors will continue to apply for regions in Stage 2 until they enter Stage 3. Social circles should continue to be kept at 10 people province-wide, regardless of stage.

  • Indoor gathering limits will increase to a maximum of 50 people.
  • Outdoor gathering limits will increase to a maximum of 100 people.
  • In all cases, individuals are required to continue to maintain physical distancing of at least two metres with people from outside their households or social circles.
  • All businesses, services and public spaces when hosting an event are subject to indoor or outdoor gathering limits and ensuring physical distancing can be maintained.
  • People at their place of work, including performers and crews, do not count towards gathering limits.
  • People gathering indoors for religious services, rites or ceremonies, and wedding ceremonies or funeral services, can continue to fill up to 30 per cent of the capacity of the particular room, as introduced in Stage 2.

When Do Gathering Limits Apply?

Based on the advice of the Chief Medical Officer of Health and other public health experts, gathering limits apply to higher risk settings and activities where people congregate, including:

  • All organized or spontaneous indoor and outdoor events and social gatherings(e.g., parties, fundraisers, fairs, wedding receptions, funeral receptions)
  • Casinos, bingo halls and gaming establishments
  • Concerts and live shows, including performing arts
  • Convention centres and other meeting or event spaces
  • Facilities for sports and recreational fitness activities (e.g., gyms, fitness studios)
  • Festivals
  • Recreational attractions, courses and instruction (e.g., fitness classes, music lessons, tutoring)
  • Movie theatres
  • Real estate open houses
  • Sporting and racing events
  • Tour and guide services (including boat tours)
  • Indoor gathering limits apply to events that are fully or partially indoors. Indoor events and gatherings cannot be combined with an outdoor event or gathering to increase the applicable gathering size.

Additional Restrictions

To prevent the spread of COVID-19, public health measures and workplace safety restrictions apply to businesses and services permitted to reopen in Stage 3. Businesses and organizations are required to operate in compliance with all applicable laws, including the Occupational Health and Safety Act, and the advice, recommendations and instructions of public health officials.

The following information provides an overview of some of the conditions and restrictions in place.

Amusement Parks and Water Parks

  • Amusement parks and water parks are not yet permitted to open in Stage 3.

Casinos and Charitable Gaming Establishments

  • Casinos and charitable gaming establishments are subject to gathering limits and physical distancing measures, which apply to the entire facility.
  • Staff do not count towards gathering limits.
  • Any equipment being used by patrons, including slot machines and electronic gaming machines, must be cleaned and disinfected as frequently as is necessary to maintain a sanitary environment.
  • Table games must remain closed.

Convention Centres, Meeting and Event Spaces

  • Convention centres, meeting and event spaces are subject to physical distancing measures and gathering limits, which apply to the entire facility.

Facilities for Sports and Recreational Fitness Activities

  • Examples of facilities for sports and recreational fitness activities include gyms, fitness studios, and community centres.
  • Physical distancing must be maintained, except if playing a team sport or as needed for personal training.
  • The total number of people permitted in areas containing weights or exercise machines is limited to the number of people that can maintain physical distancing of at least two metres, which
  • cannot exceed the indoor gathering limit of 50 people.
  • The total number people permitted in classes or organized activities at any one time is limited to the number of people that can maintain physical distancing of at least two metres and cannot exceed the indoor gathering limit of 50 people or the outdoor limit of 100.
  • Assigned spaces are strongly recommended for organized fitness classes (e.g., by marking circles on the floor to designate where each person should exercise).
  • Gathering limits do not apply in all other areas (e.g., pools, tennis courts and rinks).
  • Equipment must be cleaned and disinfected between user sets or at the end of a game.
  • Any washrooms, locker rooms, change rooms, showers or similar amenities made available to the public must be cleaned and disinfected frequently.
  • Steam rooms and saunas are not yet permitted to open.

Fitting Rooms

  • Fitting rooms at retail settings were permitted to reopen with restrictions in Stage 1 and Stage 2.
  • All fitting rooms may reopen, as long as patrons are not permitted to occupy adjacent fitting room stalls at any one time.
  • Cleaning and disinfection between fitting room customers should continue.

Interactive Exhibits at Museums, Attractions and Heritage Institutions

  • Attractions and heritage institutions, including museums, galleries, aquariums, zoos, science centres, landmarks, historic sites and similar attractions were permitted to reopen in Stage 2.
  • In addition to the exhibits opened in Stage 2, high-contact surfaces such as interactive exhibits and displays may open. They must be cleaned and disinfected frequently.
  • All special events, instructional classes and performances at these locations are subject to gathering limits and physical distancing measures.

Libraries

  • Libraries were permitted to resume limited on-site services in Stage 2.
  • In addition to the services resumed in Stage 2, libraries may reopen for all on-site services, as long as materials that are circulated, returned or accessed within the library are disinfected or quarantined before being recirculated.

Live Shows, Performing Arts and Movie Theatres

Concerts, artistic events, theatrical productions, performances, and movie theatres may resume operations, including rehearsals, with the following restrictions:

  • Performers must maintain physical distancing of two metres from every other person, except from other performers where necessary for purposes of the performance.
  • Audiences are subject to the number of people that can maintain physical distancing of at least two metres and cannot exceed gathering limits of 50 indoors and 100 outdoors. This applies to the entire facility, regardless of the number of theatres or performance stages within the facility.
  • Performers and staff are not included in the gathering limits.
  • Plexiglass or some other impermeable barrier is required between the audience and singers as well as players of brass or wind instruments.
  • Drive-in and drive-through venues, as permitted in Stage 2, are not subject to gathering limits.
  • Concessions stands at drive-through venues may be accessed in-person or by drive-through or delivery to vehicles.

Personal Care Services

  • Personal care services, including but not limited to hair salons, spas, tanning salons, tattoo studios, diet centres and beauty salons, were permitted to open in Stage 2.
  • In addition to the services permitted in Stage 2, all services that tend to a customer’s face are permitted (e.g., facials, ear piercing, eyebrow grooming and eyelash extensions).
  • Patrons must wear face coverings except while receiving services on an area of their face that would otherwise be covered by a face covering.
  • Workers must wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).
  • Personal care services must take measures to enable physical distancing between patrons, such as limiting the number of people who may be in the business at any one time.
  • Businesses should consider operating by appointment wherever possible.
  • Businesses should also consider recording each patron’s name and contact information to support effective contact tracing in case of an outbreak.
  • Oxygen bars, bath houses, steam rooms and saunas are not yet permitted to open.

Playgrounds and Play Structures

  • Outdoor playgrounds and play structures are permitted to reopen in Stage 3.
  • Physical distancing of at least two metres must be in place at all indoor playgrounds and play structures, except between individuals from the same household or social circle.

Recreational Courses and Instruction

  • Examples of recreational courses and instruction include music lessons, language classes, tutoring and art classes.
  • All instructional classes are subject to gathering limits.
  • Physical distancing must be in place for participants, other than when necessary for instruction. Face coverings are recommended in those situations.
  • Equipment must be cleaned and disinfected frequently.
  • Plexiglass or some other impermeable barrier and physical distancing are required for any instruction that involves singing or playing wind or brass instruments.

Recreational Attractions and Businesses

  • In Stage 2, outdoor recreational facilities that operate low-contact attractions and activities were allowed to reopen. Indoor recreational activities can resume in Stage 3.
  • Examples of indoor recreational facilities and attractions include arcade rooms, escape rooms, bowling alleys, and pool halls.
  • Physical distancing of at least two metres must be in place.
  • Equipment must be cleaned and disinfected frequently.
  • Karaoke is permitted only outside of private karaoke rooms, which are not yet able to open in Stage 3, with restrictions including barriers, physical distancing and increased cleaning and disinfecting.

Restaurants, Bars and Nightclubs

  • All restaurants, bars, concession stands, and other food and drink establishments may open for indoor dine-in.
  • Nightclubs are not yet safe to open, except for the purpose of serving food or drinks to patrons in accordance with the conditions
  • that apply to restaurants and bars.
  • All patrons must be seated when eating or drinking at the establishment.
  • Establishments must take appropriate measures to ensure physical distancing of at least two metres between patrons from different tables, unless separated by plexiglass or some other impermeable barrier.
  • Buffet-style service is not yet permitted in Stage 3.
  • Singing or music may be performed by a person or group at the restaurant or bar, with restrictions, including barriers between the performers and patrons and physical distancing. Dancing may only be performed by someone working at the establishment with restrictions.
  • Karaoke is permitted only outside of private karaoke rooms, which are not yet permitted to open in Stage 3, with restrictions including barriers, physical distancing and increased cleaning and disinfecting.
  • Physical distancing of two metres between patrons from different households or social circles also continues to apply to food trucks, food courts, concession stands and tours, including tastings at wineries, breweries and distilleries.

Team Sports and Live Sporting Events

  • Prolonged or deliberate contact while playing sports is not permitted.
  • Team sports in which body contact between players is either an integral component of the sport or commonly occurs while engaged in the sport (e.g., wrestling, judo) are not yet permitted, unless the approach can be modified to prevent prolonged or deliberate physical contact.
  • Amateur and recreational sports leagues may resume so long as they do not allow prolonged or deliberate physical contact between players or if they have modifications to avoid physical contact between players.
  • Leagues must contain no more than 50 participants total. If participants in a league exceed 50, the league may divide into smaller groups of no more than 50. Players are not yet permitted to play against players outside of their league or group.
  • Spectators at all sporting events, including professional sports, will be subject to gathering limits and physical distancing measures, with assigned seating where possible.

Tour and Guide Services

  • For tour and guide services, including boat tours, the number of patrons is subject to gathering limits.
  • Physical distancing of at least two metres must be maintained between all individuals, except for those from the same household or social circle.
  • The outdoor gathering limit of 100 applies if patrons will be outside for the duration of the tour except to access washrooms, in transit to an outdoor area, or for health and safety reasons.
  • As with other gatherings and events, the indoor gathering limit of 50 applies if the gathering is fully or partially indoors.

A Path to Recovery

 The health and well-being of the people of Ontario will continue to guide every step of the government’s response to COVID-19. The success of Stage 3 will be critical for Ontario’s long-term economic recovery. As more businesses and activities reopen, the Chief Medical Officer of Health and public health officials will continue to closely monitor the evolving situation to advise when more regions can enter Stage 3, if public health restrictions can be further eased, or if they need to be tightened or reapplied.

With almost all businesses and public spaces reopening in Stage 3, Ontario has put enhanced case and contact management in place to quickly test, trace and isolate cases of COVID-19 to prepare for any future outbreaks, surges or waves. Just as important, people must continue to follow public health advice and workplace safety guidelines to keep each other safe. This is about treating each other with respect and taking personal responsibility, so that we can successfully beat COVID-19 and get on the path to a strong recovery.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected everyone. As more of the province safely and gradually reopens, people are encouraged to support small businesses in their communities, shop local and look for products that are Ontario made. We are all in this together, and together we will emerge stronger than ever before.

The Ontario Spirit will continue to carry us forward as we work towards recovery and begin building a brighter and more prosperous future for every family, in every region of our province.

SOURCE: https://files.ontario.ca/mof-framework-reopening-province-stage-3-en-2020-07-13.pdf

Local 793 distributing five KN95 masks to all members in good standing

Members, Wearing a mask, especially where physical distancing is difficult, will help to protect you and your family through the COVID-19 pandemic. Your health and safety continues to be our top priority. This is why Local 793 is distributing five KN95 masks to all members in good standing with the next issue of Making Tracks. The issue will be mailed to members in mid-July. Why wear a mask? COVID-19 is commonly spread by inhaling and exhaling virus particles. Wearing a mask can provide an effective barrier to the inhalation of […]

Members,

Wearing a mask, especially where physical distancing is difficult, will help to protect you and your family through the COVID-19 pandemic. Your health and safety continues to be our top priority. This is why Local 793 is distributing five KN95 masks to all members in good standing with the next issue of Making Tracks.

The issue will be mailed to members in mid-July.

Why wear a mask?
COVID-19 is commonly spread by inhaling and exhaling virus particles. Wearing a mask can provide an effective barrier to the inhalation of particles or prevent the exhalation of particles due to coughing or sneezing.
Why the KN95 mask?

Research shows that respirator style masks, like the KN95, serve as a better barrier against COVID-19 particles than both surgical and regular cloth masks. KN95 masks are proven to block 95% of particles including aerosols, which are even smaller virus particles. For further information on the importance of wearing KN95 masks, you can review two studies: 1) Masking During the COVID-19 Pandemic and 2) Identifying airborne transmission as the dominant route for the spread of COVID-19 on the Union’s website.

How do you properly use a KN95 mask?
All masks, including the KN95, are only effective if they are used properly. It is important that masks are put on (donned) and taken off (doffed) appropriately and that you check to ensure the mask makes a firm seal. By making sure the KN95 mask fits properly on your face and the seal is tight, it will do its job to protect against the transmission of the virus. For a quick demonstration on how to don and doff the KN95 mask properly, including checking the seal, please watch the video on the Union’s website at https://iuoelocal793.org/donning-and-doffing-an-n95-mask/

Are KN95 masks reusable?
In general, the continuous use of this mask is six hours. KN95 masks can be safely decontaminated, without decreasing its effectiveness, two to three times if you have not been wearing it in high crowd areas. For more information about decontamination of masks you can review the study: Masking During the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Union’s website.

Local 793 reminds members that PPE, like the KN95 mask, remains the last line of defence only when physical distancing cannot occur. To ensure your ongoing safety, please remember to follow these important practices: 1) wash/disinfect your hands frequently 2) avoid touching your face and 3) clean/disinfect high-touch surfaces frequently.

Your health and safety through this pandemic remains our top priority. Please continue to work safely.

Fraternally,

Mike Gallagher
Business Manager

Happy Nunavut Day

On behalf of the officers, executive board and staff of Local 793, I would like to wish all Union members and their families a happy Nunavut Day. Local 793’s charter was expanded in 2014 by the General President of the IUOE to include Nunavut.  Since then, Local 793 has continued to expand its presence in Nunavut where we currently represent nearly 900 mine workers at Baffinland Iron Ore Mines, many of whom are Nunavummiut (those who inhabit or live in Nunavut).  Nunavut Day has particular significance to our Nunavummiut members […]

On behalf of the officers, executive board and staff of Local 793, I would like to wish all Union members and their families a happy Nunavut Day.

Local 793’s charter was expanded in 2014 by the General President of the IUOE to include Nunavut.  Since then, Local 793 has continued to expand its presence in Nunavut where we currently represent nearly 900 mine workers at Baffinland Iron Ore Mines, many of whom are Nunavummiut (those who inhabit or live in Nunavut).  Nunavut Day has particular significance to our Nunavummiut members and their families.

Today, we commemorate the passing of the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement and the Nunavut Act in 1993, which laid the groundwork for the territory’s eventual separation from the Northwest Territories in 1999.

Nunavut Day is a day for Nunavummiut to take pride in the accomplishments of their territory. The day was established to celebrate the unique culture that Nunavut brings to Canada and to recognize the importance of preserving that.

Let us celebrate together by acknowledging the significant cultural, social and economic contributions of Nunavummiut to our country.

Happy Nunavut Day!

Sincerely,
Mike Gallagher
Business Manager
IUOE Local 793

ᐅᓪᓗᖃᑦᑎᐊᕆᔅᓯ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᖓᓐᓂ!

ᐱᓕᕆᔨᐅᓂᑦᑎᓐᓂ, ᓯᕗᓕᖅᑏᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᓂᓪᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑎᓕᒻᒥ 793−ᒥ, ᐅᓪᓗᖃᑦᑎᐊᖁᕙᒃᑲ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᖓᓐᓂ ᐃᓚᖏᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᔪᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᓪᓗ.

ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑎᓖᑦ 793−ᒥ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓ ᐅᖓᕙᕆᐊᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᒻᒪᑦ 2014−ᒧᑦ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓂᐊᓕᖅᑐᑎᑦ IUOE ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᖁᓕᖅᑐᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᓐᖓᓂ, ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑎᓕᒃ 793−ᒥᑦ ᐊᖏᓪᓕᕙᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒧᓪᓗ ᒫᓐᓇ ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᐃᔪᒍᑦ 900−ᐸᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᔭᕋᕐᓂᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᕐᓂᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ (Baffinland Iron Ore Mines), ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥᐅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ (ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥᐅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥᐅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᓗᑎᑦ). ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᖓ ᐊᔾᔨᐅᖏᒻᒪᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥᐅᑕᓕᒫᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ.

ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᔪᖅ, ᐅᐱᒋᑦᑎᐊᖅᑲᕗᑦ ᐃᓕᓴᕆᔪᒪᓪᓗᑎᒍᓪᓗ ᑲᔪᓯᑎᑕᐅᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᖓᓐᓂ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᓄᓇᑖᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᓐᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖏᑦ 1993−ᒥᓂᑦ, ᑐᓐᖓᕕᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᓛᒃᑯᓕᖅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓄᓇᑦᑎᐊᕐᓗ 1999−ᒥ.

ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᖓ ᐅᓪᓗᒋᔭᐅᒻᒪᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥᐅᑕᕐᓄᑦ ᐅᐱᒋᔭᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᑲᔪᓯᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ. ᐅᓪᓗᖓ ᑖᓐᓇ ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓂᖅᓯᐅᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᐅᖏᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ ᓴᖅᑭᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓕᓴᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐸᖅᑭᑦᑎᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᓂᒃ.

ᓇᓪᓕᐅᓂᖅᓯᐅᖅᑎᐊᓚᐅᖅᑕ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓕᓴᕆᓗᑎᒍ ᐊᔾᔨᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᖅᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᑦ, ᐃᓄᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᒪᑭᒪᔪᑎᔅᓴᓄᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥᐅᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᑦᑎᓐᓂ.

ᐅᓪᓗᖃᑦᑎᐊᕆᔅᓯ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᖓᓐᓂ!

ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑐᖅ,

ᒪᐃᒃ ᒐᓚᕼᐅ
ᐱᓕᕆᐊᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨ
IUOE Local 793

Note: While care has been taken to accurately translate business manager Mike Gallagher’s message, the English copy shall prevail in the event of any discrepancy.

Reopening Delayed For OETIO Campuses

To all IUOE Local 793 members: Our number one priority from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic has been to ensure the health and wellbeing of our membership, students and staff. We will not reopen our training campuses until we are fully confident that we can do so safely. Therefore, our previously planned reopening date of July 13, 2020 will be delayed. Our OETIO campuses will remain closed until at least August 1, 2020, at which time we will reevaluate our circumstances. The management team at OETIO will use the […]

To all IUOE Local 793 members:

Our number one priority from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic has been to ensure the health and wellbeing of our membership, students and staff. We will not reopen our training campuses until we are fully confident that we can do so safely.

Therefore, our previously planned reopening date of July 13, 2020 will be delayed. Our OETIO campuses will remain closed until at least August 1, 2020, at which time we will reevaluate our circumstances.

The management team at OETIO will use the extra time to put in place additional safety measures such as portable washrooms with running water at both Morrisburg and Oakville campuses for when the students are doing practical training in the yard, and if possible, we will implement mobile on-premise COVID-19 testing.

The key reasons why we are cautious about the reopening of our training campuses are as follows:

  • The Morrisburg campus has a 70-room residence in which students live for up to 14 weeks while taking the Heavy Equipment Operator program. Having students live on campus and ensure that physical distancing and other COVID-19 safety rules are in place and standardized is challenging;
  • Procedures for proper and regular sanitization of all facilities, classrooms and equipment is critical;
  • All class sizes and instructor-to-student ratios must be reduced to ensure physical distancing can be practiced;
  • Schedules and rotations must be properly staggered for lunches, breaks and class start and stop times; and
  • A sufficient supply of PPE (eg. masks and gloves) and hand sanitizer must be available at all times.

Our decision to delay our reopening has not been made lightly. We can report that the International Training and Education Center (“ITEC”) in Crosby, Texas, will also be closed until at least August 1, 2020. IUOE General President James T. Callahan decided to close ITEC based on an increasing number of COVID-19 cases in the area. The ITEC in Crosby, Texas, is also a large campus with a student residence, and they have also chosen to pu­t the health and safety of members and students first and foremost.

We will provide an update on our reopening plans following our reevaluation on August 1, 2020.

Fraternally yours,

Mike Gallagher
Business Manager, IUOE Local 793

Joe Dowdall
Executive Director, OETIO

Masking during the COVID-19 pandemic

Masking During the COVID-19 Pandemic Prepared by Juliette O’Keeffe Introduction Extensive debate over when, where, and what types of masks should be worn, and by whom, has emerged during the COVID-19 crisis. Protocols for the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by healthcare workers (HCWs) are well established, but more recently, widespread use of surgical and cloth masks in some Asian and European countries has been mandated, and voluntary use of face masks in public is now encouraged in the US.1 There are differences of opinion on the effectiveness of […]

Masking During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Prepared by Juliette O’Keeffe

Introduction

Extensive debate over when, where, and what types of masks should be worn, and by whom, has emerged during the COVID-19 crisis. Protocols for the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by healthcare workers (HCWs) are well established, but more recently, widespread use of surgical and cloth masks in some Asian and European countries has been mandated, and voluntary use of face masks in public is now encouraged in the US.1 There are differences of opinion on the effectiveness of mask deployment into the general population as a preventive measure for COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO)2 maintain that healthy people should wear a mask only when caring for a person suspected to be infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) similarly does not recommend the use of face masks by healthy people except when caring for the sick, particularly medical masks, but does not discourage the use of non-medical masks by those who wish to wear them, or in situations where physical distancing may be difficult, such as when one is on public transport. PHAC has provided additional advice on the limitations and safe use of masks.

Much of the controversy on mask wearing relates to limited understanding of the transmission pathway for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Early study of the virus indicates that individual virus particles are approximately 70-90 nm in diameter,4 but virus particles in general are often found clumped together in droplets of fluids or mucous >1 μm.5 Current mitigation strategies for SARS-CoV-2 focus on the main transmission routes via contact and large respiratory droplets (> 5 μm diameter). Less is known about the relative importance of other routes such as aerosol transmission (particles and droplet nuclei < 5 μm diameter).

Most recommendations for population-wide use of masks include the use of either cloth masks or surgical masks, as compared to N95 respirators that are primarily reserved for use in healthcare settings. The function and protective ability vary widely for different mask types. This document outlines the main types of masks, their effectiveness in providing protection against pathogenic hazards, and considerations for the safe use.

Types of masks

The key groups of masks are medical masks, including respirators (commonly referred to as N95, or filtering facepieces [FFP] masks) and surgical masks, and non-medical masks including homemade cloth masks. Differences between these are summarized in Table 1.

Effectiveness of masks

Masks are worn by individuals either to provide a barrier to the inhalation of particles, or to prevent the exhalation or release of particles due to coughing or sneezing. The effectiveness of a mask is dependent on the level of filtration (determined by the size of particles that can be from seeping around the edges of the mask into the breathing area. Many studies have assessed The effectiveness of a blocked) and the fit of the mask, which can affect the percentage of particles that are prevented the performance of mask types as PPE for protection of the mask wearer, as well as their use by sick individuals for the protection of others. Most studies have been based on generic respiratory viruses and influenza, with only limited study of SARS-CoV-2 published at the time of writing.

Masks as barriers to inhalation of particles

Assessments of the effectiveness of masks to prevent the inhalation of particles have included penetration studies that measure the movement of particles from the external environment through mask material into the breathing zone of the wearer, or studies of protective effect, primarily for healthcare workers (HCWs), that compare clinical outcomes for mask wearers (e.g., incidence of respiratory illness or viral infection) based on different mask-wearing scenarios.

Penetration studies for protection of a mask wearer

Penetration studies that measure the movement of particles from the external environment into the breathing zone behind the mask include those used by agencies such as the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to confirm the protective ability of respirators such as N95s. As expected, the consensus among these studies is that respirators provide superior protection against particles, including aerosols, as compared to either surgical or cloth masks; surgical masks are likewise more protective than cloth masks of all types. N95 or FF2 respirators, when properly fitted, provide a barrier to about 95% of particles. Some studies have found these devices can block in excess of 95%. In similar studies, surgical masks have been found to block about 60% of particles, and may allow penetration by virus particles in high concentration environments, as shown in a study using live influenza virus. Additional PPE such as an integral visor can improve the performance of surgical masks by reducing leakage into the breathing zone around the nose.

Penetration studies of cloth masks find that, in general, they provide a barrier to some larger particles, but performance varies widely depending on the fit and the type of material used. Loose-fitting cloth masks (e.g., handkerchiefs) may provide only minimal protection from inhalation of particles. Masks with conical or tetrahedral shapes that fit closely with face contours perform better than loose-fitting masks. Breathability of fabrics can be a trade-off for filterability. Studies using particles of approximately 20-1000 nm found high penetration levels for cloth masks ranging from 40% (sweatshirt material) to greater than 97% (cotton and gauze handkerchiefs). A study comparing a range of fabrics as barriers to inhalation of microorganisms found that cloth masks allowed for between 30% and 51% of bacteriophage MS2 (as a surrogate for pathogenic viruses) to penetrate the material.12 The study found the most effective cloth material (for breathability and filterability) to be tea-towel material followed by (in order of decreasing effectiveness), a cotton mix, antimicrobial pillowcase, silk, linen, pillowcase, 100% cotton T-shirt, and scarf. None of the fabrics were able to achieve the low level of penetration observed for a surgical mask (11%), which also provided good breathability. Adding multiple layers of the same material appears to provide only limited additional protection, but can reduce breathability.

Protective effect studies assess the effectiveness of masks as barriers to inhalation of infectious particles by measuring the reduced incidence of clinical respiratory illness (CRI), influenza-like illness (ILI) or laboratory-confirmed viral infection among healthcare workers (HCWs) wearing masks versus no masks. In these studies, as expected, respirators are generally found to provide a greater level of protection as compared to surgical masks, with incidence of CRI found to be lower in N95 wearers compared to surgical mask wearers. Further comparison of the incidence of CRI, ILI and viral infections shows a greater incidence of illness among cloth mask wearers compared to surgical mask wearers. Cloth masks are not recommended for health care, or high-risk settlings.

While the protective effect of respirators is difficult to argue, the less protective effect of surgical masks is not always evident. No significant difference in the incidence of laboratory confirmed influenza was found among HCWs at seven US medical centres using N95 respirators versus surgical masks.  In a recent case report from China where 41 HCWs were exposed to aerosol- generating procedures for a patient who subsequently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, none of the HCWs, of whom 85% wore surgical masks and 15% wore respirators, tested positive for SARS- CoV-2. Mask wearing was accompanied by other controls such as hand hygiene and procedural controls. While this is a small case report, and many of the HCWs were exposed only for a matter of minutes, it indicates that surgical masks, when used in conjunction with other measures, can be protective against infection.

Masks as barriers to exhalations of particles

Assessments of the effectiveness of masks to prevent the exhalation of particles have included penetration studies that use coughing tests by healthy or sick individuals to measure movement of particles through mask material to the external environment, or secondary attack rate (SAR) studies that evaluate the effect of mask-wearing by a sick individual in preventing transmission of infection to other individuals living in close contact (e.g., household members).

Penetration studies for protection of others

The effectiveness of masks as barriers to the release of infectious particles can be assessed by measuring the number of microorganisms that can penetrate a mask during exhalation or coughing by the mask wearer. Both surgical masks and cloth masks have been found to block the release of some large droplets but are generally less effective at blocking the release of infectious aerosols.  Differences in the effectiveness of masks may depend on the type of virus. One study found that surgical masks reduced the emission of influenza virus in large respiratory droplets, but not in aerosols in exhaled breath and coughs of symptomatic individuals. The same study found that surgical masks blocked the penetration of coronavirus in both large respiratory droplets and aerosols.  The only study assessing the penetration of masks by SARS-CoV-2 found that the virus penetrated both cloth masks (2-layer cotton) and surgical masks during coughing by COVID-19 patients.

Secondary attack rate (SAR) studies

In healthcare settings, the use of surgical masks by visitors and healthcare workers has been shown to reduce the incidence of respiratory viral infections among patients.  In non-healthcare settings, several studies in France, Germany, Hong Kong, China and Australia have assessed the effectiveness of wearing surgical masks in the home by patients with influenza or ILI to reduce secondary transmission to other members of the household. Some of these studies have found a lower incidence of SAR, but the results did not show statistically significant reductions including one study that assessed the protective effect of both surgical masks and N95 equivalent masks. The greatest reductions in SAR have been observed in studies where mask wearing was implemented early after the onset of symptoms in the sick patient, or where mask wearing was combined with other measures such as hand hygiene.

Considerations for mask use

The hierarchy of controls is used by NIOSH to grade the most effective to the least effective measures for reducing exposures to hazards and is conventionally applied to physical and chemical hazards in the workplace. This framework could be extended to infectious hazards in the general community. Within the framework, the use of PPE is considered a last resort option when other measures have been exhausted. These other measures could include steps to physically eliminate the hazard (e.g., physical isolation), engineering controls to reduce exposure to the hazard (e.g., ventilation) or administrative controls that change the way people work to reduce exposures (e.g., changes to working practices and schedules, hand hygiene). The separation of infected persons from healthy persons, good hygiene practices, cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and engineering controls are known to reduce disease transmission. Following the implementation of these measures, whether masks are used as personal protection for the wearer, or as protection of others from the wearer, there are several considerations that can impact the effectiveness of masks to prevent the spread of viral infection.

Mask fit

Where respirators are used as PPE, a fit test, and user seal check are essential for ensuring effectiveness of N95 type respirators. Fit tests are used to confirm that a specific make, model and size of respirator provides adequate respiratory protection to the user by providing a tight seal between the facepiece and the face that prevents leakage into or out of the respirator facepiece (Box 1). If the respirator does not pass a fit test, another make, model or size is tested until a suitable respirator is found. The wearer can then use the same make, model, and size of respirator, repeating the test once per year to confirm that fit is maintained, or reconfirming fit if physical changes to the face have occurred, such as weight loss or injury. If the user changes the make, model or size of respirator, a new fit test is required.

A user seal check is different from a fit test and should be performed every time a respirator is put on. Advice on user seal checks is provided by the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) and can differ depending on the type of respirator. In general, the wearer identifies a good seal on inhalation by checking that there is slight collapse in the respirator and checks for leakage on exhalation by feeling around the edges or surface of the facepiece. Factors that can influence a poor fit or seal can include damage or deformation of the mask, and the presence of obstructions to fit such as facial hair. For other types of mask, a good fit that aligns to the contours of the face can reduce seepage of air around the edges of the mask. A tight but comfortable fit with effective coverage of the nose and mouth that does not restrict breathability can reduce the frequency that a user touches a mask for readjustment.

Additional PPE

For HCWs or those caring for an infected person, the use of goggles or a face shield that covers the eyes or front and sides of the face, can prevent additional exposures due to splash and spray and block some intake of particles that would occur due to leakage. The appropriate use of gloves (e.g., not touching mask surface, and frequent changing) can also reduce the chance of surface contamination of masks, and similarly washing hands when putting on (donning) and taking off (doffing) PPE, including masks, can reduce contact spread.

Length of use

The longer a mask is used, the greater the risk for infectious particles to become deposited on the surface. Surgical masks or respirators (e.g., N95) that become wet, damaged, torn, visibly dirty, or contaminated following close contact with an infected person will not provide adequate protection. A study of mask use by HCWs found that very low infection was observed for masks used ≤ 6 hours, however a greater virus positivity was found beyond 6 hours of use, and for HCWs who examined more than 25 patients. The potential presence of viruses on the outer surface suggests a need for caution during doffing practices by avoiding contact with the mask surface (Box 2), and preventing the resuspension of deposited aerosols. Frequent donning and doffing of the same mask can increase the risk of surface contamination on both the inside and the outside of masks and continuous use of respirators may reduce the potential for contamination as compared to frequent donning and doffing of the same mask. In healthcare environments, other measures such as the use of complementary PPE (e.g., face shields) can extend the usability of respirators or masks by reducing the potential for surface deposition or accidental contact with mask surfaces.

Decontamination and reuse of masks

Masks can become contaminated by the user and the external environment. For cloth masks, laundering in a hot wash and thoroughly drying is recommended by PHAC, but any damage, deterioration or reduced fit will reduce the already limited protective function of cloth masks. In general, surgical masks are considered disposable and not recommended for decontamination and reuse. Laundering or disinfection processes can potentially damage the protective layers of the surgical masks, reducing their effectiveness.

Several decontamination methods have been considered for the purpose of providing additional supplies of respirators when there is high demand. The key criteria for effective decontamination methods are stated as: the ability to remove the viral threat, maintaining the integrity of mask elements, and being harmless to the user. Decontamination methods include autoclaving; microwave steam sterilization; washing in soap and water; dry heat treatment; treatment with isopropyl alcohol, bleach, hydrogen peroxide vapour, gamma irradiation; ozone decontamination; UV germicidal irradiation (UVGI) and ethylene oxide treatment. Promising results have been observed for hydrogen peroxide vapour and UVGI; however, any reuse of decontaminated respirators should include steps to inspect respirators for deterioration and damage and to include user seal testing prior to re-use.

Expired masks

Surgical masks and respirators that have been certified by organizations such as NIOSH or the FDA have an expiry date, after which they are no longer considered to be certified. In times of high demand, expired masks may be considered for use following a visual inspection for any damage or degradation of the mask components, including the straps. For expired N95 respirators, the ability to form an effective face seal should also be confirmed by a fit test and user seal check.

Summary

The COVID-19 crisis has resulted in a large upscaling of demand across global health care systems for PPE. Maintaining supplies for healthcare and frontline workers requires judicious use of medical masks including N95 type respirators, which are shown to be the most effective face masks for reducing exposure to viruses for those working in high-risk environments. PPE remains a last line of defence amid other important measures including physical distancing, hygiene and engineering controls.

It is not clear if, or to what extent, the transmission of respiratory viruses is reduced by the population-wide use of face masks, although it is argued by some that the practice during the SARS epidemic in Asia may have provided some protective effect that reduced the transmission of influenza and SARS.  In the current COVID-19 pandemic, there is still no firm evidence that the population-wide use of face masks can significantly decrease the risk of infection for healthy individuals or contain community transmission from either infected but asymptomatic persons or from those with symptoms. Further study of the progression of the pandemic in countries that have mandated population-wide use of face masks will help to inform the debate further.

While it has been observed that the use of cloth masks can provide minimal personal protection to the wearer against viral infections, some may argue that some protective effect is better than none. Similarly, the wearing of masks by asymptomatic carriers or symptomatic individuals for the protection of others could be used to reduce the distance a plume of particles generated by a cough or sneeze could travel, similar to common respiratory etiquette recommendations of coughing or sneezing into a tissue or one’s elbow. In most cases, the use of face masks is relatively low risk, and could provide some minimal protection, but if they are used as a substitute for other measures such as maintaining physical distancing and observing good hand hygiene, they could be harmful. They should not be used as a substitute for sick individuals, or those who have returned from travel and may be asymptomatic carriers, to isolate from others Mask wearers should also be aware of the contamination risks from contact with the surface of masks, even when wearing gloves, and considerations for appropriate donning and doffing practices to reduce transfer of contamination.